Urban westergren master dissertation submitted in order to obtain the academic degree of erasmus mundus master of science in photonics royal institute of technology kth, stockholm. Electroabsorption modulator ii device configuration. Fabryperot electroabsorption modulators for highspeed free. Using lowvoltage electroabsorption modulators directly integrated to cmos. The silicon electroabsorption modulator eam is a key photonic device for emerging high capacity telecommunication networks to meet ever growing computing demands. Blue inganganbased quantum electroabsorption modulators. Waveguidebased electroabsorption modulator performance rubab amin1, jacob b. Electroabsorption modulator nmechanisms franzkeldysh effect nobserved in conventional bulk semiconductors quantumconfined stark effect qcse nquantum well structures nboth of these electroabsorption effects are prominent near the bandgap of semiconductors. Us5165105a separate confinement electroabsorption modulator. Monolithic integration of an electroabsorption modulator into a gaasbased duocavity vcsel for resonance free modulation j. Carrierinjection modulators can provide large free carrier density change, high modulation efficiency, and compact footprint.
The same current feedback mechanism that limits the rf link gain is. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Selectivelyundercut travelingwave electroabsorption. Electroabsorption optical modulators integrated with passive waveguides have been fabricated on gaasalgaas multiquantum well material using the impurityfree vacancy diffusion technique with srf 2 and sio 2 capping layers. Although polarization independent and temperature stable, it will not be considered here due to its low absorption modulation e. Since conventional electroabsorption modulator integrated lasers eml or machzehnder modulators used in longdistance transmission are limited to a distance of around 80 km there has been demand for longerrange capability.
The aicdsqw structure has advantages such as very low insertion loss, zero chirp, large stark shift and high extinction ratio in comparison with the intrastep quantum. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal processing and labelling xu, lin publication date. Sp2 high speed packaged electroabsorption modulators. Travelingwave electroabsorption modulators by shengzhong zhang the transmission bit rates in backbone telecommunication optical fibers are increasing rapidly, motivated by the explosive growth of internet traffic. Balanced electroabsorption modulator for highlinearity. It has 2 electrical ports for the bias and rf driving and 2 optical ports as an input and output. Electroabsorption modulators are attractive for applications requiring high speed modulation, low drive voltage, high extinction ratio, and integrability. Example of an equidistant pam4 generation scheme, using the. Large and small single modulators and modulator arrays have been fabricated on a wafer scale with an optimized device fabrication technology. Most electroabsorption modulators are made in the form of a waveguide with electrodes for applying an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the modulated light beam. High speed packaged electroabsorption modulators for optical communications aaron e. Coldren b a apogee photonics, 6580 snow drift road, suit 100, allentown, pa. Osa linear graphene on silicon nitride electroabsorption.
Oct 26, 2005 we report on the design, fabrication and characterization of 1550 nm electroabsorption modulators based on ingaasinalas coupled quantum wells grown on inp substrate by mbe. In this chapter we discuss the working principles, waveguide coupling, and the latest progress in ge and gesi electroabsorption modulators eams based on franzkeldysh effect fke and quantum. Abstractthe chirp factor of optical modulators is an important parameter that relates how the induced phase varies with the instantaneous power of a generated optical pulse, from which the dynamic chirp can be obtained. Results of single channel and dwdm fiber transmission experiments are presented. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from.
Electronic and computer engineering, university of limerick, limerick, ireland. A low power 2x28 gbs electroabsorption modulator driver. Even though the modulator is still shorter than existing mzibased. This device exhibits an optical absorption coefficient change. An optical interconnect transceiver at 1550 nm using low. Selectivelyundercut travelingwave electroabsorption modulators incorporating a pingaas contact layer matthew m. The wavelength of the laser is set to analysis setup of ea modulator in order to visualize the signal on the probes, first we run the analysis, then we open optisystem to. Optically controlled electroabsorption modulators for. The waveguide includes a relatively thin and offcenter undoped electroabsorbing layer within a lightguiding region. The modulator has a broad operating wavelength range of 35 nm and a 3 db bandwidth of 40.
These are electrooptic devices in which a change in the absorption coefficient or refractive index. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from band. Gesige asymmetric fabryperot quantum well electroabsorption modulators elizabeth h. Neuromorphic photonics with electroabsorption modulators. Dipartimento di elettronica, politecnico di torino, corso duca degli abruzzi 24, i10129 torino, italy. Pdf electroabsorption modulator with an asymmetric coupled. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from bandedge absorption spectra of bulk, quantumwell, and quantumwellintermixed ingaasp structures gordon b. A trombone phase shifter was used to align the pulse carver and data encoder drive signals. Read optical electroabsorption modulators for wideband, linear, lowinsertionloss photonic links, proceedings of spie on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Bowers electrical engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 abstract electroabsorption modulators eams based on the quantum. Wideaperture surfacenormal electroabsorption modulators based on.
Frequency chirping properties of electroabsorption. View and download radio shack rf modulator owners manual online. Conference proceedings papers presentations journals. Fabryperot electroabsorption modulators for highspeed. Travelingwave electroabsorption modulators by shengzhong zhang april 1999 a dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in electrical and computer engineering committee in charge professor john e. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal processing and labelling. The input light is usually either a free space beam or propagates in an optical fiber fibercoupled modulators. Retroreflective modulators are key components in free space optical communication systems between mobile platforms and users. Conclusion we have demonstrated a cmos compatible, waveguide integrated ge eam with a bandwidth greater than 50ghz. Balanced electroabsorption modulator for highlinearity, lownoise microwave analog optical link f. Modeling of machzehnder and electroabsorption modulator.
Radio shack rf modulator owners manual pdf download. We introduce ingangan based quantum electroabsorption modulator that incorporates 5 nm thick in0. Abstract the paper presents a new device for analog optical. Osa high speed gesi electroabsorption modulator at 1550. Multiquantum well mqw electroabsorption modulators eams are attractive for. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal. All 16 demultiplexed tributary channels are error free with an average receiver. Waveguide based electroabsorption modulator performance. Bell laboratories, lucent technologies rm 1a231, 9999 hamilton blvd. In this tutorial, we demonstrate optical modulation using an electroabsorbtion modulator. Application of electroabsorption modulators for highspeed. Electrodes configured for interconnection to an external voltage source produce an electric field within the waveguide. A graphenebased broadband optical modulator nature. Mason et al 40 gbs tandem electroabsorption modulator 29 fig.
To replace traditional large footprint machzehnder interferometer mzi type modulators several small footprint modulators are being researched. Eams can be integrated with other devices like laser diodes. In the past several years, nearinfrared electroabsorption modulators based on arsenide, phosphide and antimonide semiconductors have been. Modeling of machzehnder and electroabsorption modulator pulse generators and extraction of the chirp factor michael j. Sorger1, 1department of electrical and computer engineering, george washington university 800 22nd st. Leijtens 1 1 cobra research institute, eindhoven university of technology, p. Recently, liu et al reported such a modulator which has a modulation depth of 0. Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and. Ge and gesi electroabsorption modulators request pdf. Gain limit in analog links using electroabsorption modulators. Introduction the emerging research conducted on silicon photonics has emphasized its potential to utilize low cost, mature and mass productive cmos processes. For achieving a high extinction ratio, one usually exploits the quantumconfined stark effect in a quantum well structure. Introduction in the last decade, the electroabsorption modulator eam has found a wider and wider range of applications within optical communications, although so far mostly at the research level.
As the channel bit rate distance product increases, external modulation of the laser light. Waveguidebased electroabsorption modulator performance. They are promising devices for external signal modulation in highbandwidth optical communication systems. Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and gan. The demonstrated device has a compact active region of 1. Experimental demonstrations of silicononinsulator waveguidebased free carrier effect modulators operating at 3. With all these advantages, monolithic integration of a graphene electroabsorption modulator could open new routes to integrated photonics. Freespace eo modulators page 112 thorlabs freespace electrooptic eo modulators provide either phase or amplitude modulation of a laser beam by applying an electrical control signal. Advanced photonics journal of applied remote sensing. Highpower operation of electroabsorption modulators nanohub. Verbist et al dacless and dsp free 112 gbs pam4 transmitter using two parallel electroabsorption modulators 1283 fig. Bowers department of electrical and computer engineering, university of california santa barbara, santa barbara, ca 93106. High speed electroabsorption modulator in the generic photonic integration platform m.
Silicononinsulator freecarrier injection modulators for. Analysis of linearity of highly saturated electroabsorption. Eo modulators eoms require drive voltages on the order of hundreds of volts requiring both a function generator and high voltage amplifier. Linear dual electroabsorption modulator for analog optical. We have analyzed the linearity performance of analog fiberoptic links based on electroabsorption modulators eam operating at high optical power. The ea modulator is driven with a voltage source device which more info. Its principle of operation is based on the franzkeldysh effect, i. Bowers electrical engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 abstract electroabsorption modulators eams based on the quantum confined stark effect have advantages in appli. Balanced electroabsorption modulator for highlinearity, low.
Rp photonics encyclopedia electroabsorption modulators. Simulation of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators for. Optical electroabsorption modulators for wideband, linear. You can print just what they need and place it in their binder alongside the current music selections, or they can prop up a mobile device and view transitions on a whim. Oktyabrsky1 1co lleg eof nanos c asi nand e ngeer,u ny ab yba y tel5184378609, email. Oct 04, 20 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The negative feedback caused by photocurrent generation improves the modulator linearity in the gain saturation regime. Pdf we present an electroabsorption modulator based on the enhanced electrooptic effect of an asymmetric coupled. Electroabsorption modulator based on invertedribtype. We demonstrate grapheneonsilicon nitride electroabsorption modulators for inherently linear rf modulation onchip with a spurious free dynamic range sfdr of 100 dbchz23. Change optical path length with applied electric field. Rp photonics encyclopedia intensity modulators, acousto. Bond, gleb shtengel, prashant singh, yuliya akulova, and c. Pdf selfconsistent timedomain large signal model of.
Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators joachim piprek, yijen chiu, and john e. With the modulator, your accompanists wont need to carry an extra book of transitions to shuffle around between songs. A comparative study of uv electro current topics in solid. The two most common modulators are lithium niobate machzehnder and electroabsorption modulators. Moustakasa department of electrical and computer engineering and photonics center, boston university, 8 saint marys street, boston, massachusetts 02215, usa. Simulation of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators for phase modulation prasanna ramaswamy promotors. Alloptical wavelength conversion and signal regeneration. Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators. Moreover, it favorably compares with the to date highest performance links employing lithium niobate crosscoupled machzehnder modulators, proving itself an enabling technology for placement of allsemiconductor radiofrequency lightwave transmitters in high. The device includes a rib waveguide fabricated on a substrate. Gesige asymmetric fabryperot quantum well electroabsorption. Gain limit in analog links using electroabsorption modulators article pdf available in ieee photonics technology letters 1819. In the absence of laser relative intensity noise rin, the link spur free dynamic range sfdr increases with the power of four.
Vcsels can be modulated by modulating the current injection, but there are speed limits related to how. Electroabsorption modulator has been a very common device used in optical communication on the pure iiiv platform over the past decade. Electroabsorption modulator based on invertedribtype silicon waveguide including double graphene layers yonghan kim and minsuk kwon school of electrical and computer engineering, ulsan national institute of science and technology, 50. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page. The photocurrent lowers the equivalent junction resistance to less than 30. It has 2 electrical ports for the bias and rf driving and 2 optical ports as modulatir input and output. We consider a plurality of material modulation classes to include twolevel absorbers such as quantum dots, free carrier.
Electroabsorption modulator ii device configuration nptelhrd. A low power 2x28 gbs electroabsorption modulator driver array with onchip duobinary encoding renato vaernewyck, xin yin, jochen verbrugghe, guy torfs, xingzhi qiu, efstratios kehayas, nonmembers, and johan bauwelincka, member summary an integrated 2x28 gbs dualchannel duobinary driver ic is presented. Laser diodes integrated with electroabsorption modulators. Javier romerovivas, aidan meehan and lukasz krzczanowicz optical communications research group, dept. Linear dual electroabsorption modulator for analog optical transmission linear dual electroabsorption modulator for analog optical transmission lee, gyu. Raring, jonathan klamkin, anna taukepedretti, and larry a. Electroabsorption modulators eams have been widely used in. Bowers electrical engineering department, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 abstract electroabsorption modulators eams based on the quantum con. Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and ganalgan multiple quantum wells chenkai kao, anirban bhattacharyya, christos thomidis, roberto paiella, and theodore d.
High speed silicon modulators huiwen chen, yinghao kuo, john e. Electroabsorption modulators broadband optical modulators. Traveling wave electrode design for ultra compact carrier. Electroabsorption modulator eam electroabsorption modulators operate with voltagedependent absorption of light passing through the device the device structure is a reversebiased pin diode the franzkeldysh effect describes how the effective bandgap of the semiconductor decreases with increasing electric field, shifting the. High speed electroabsorption modulator in the generic. Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators joachim piprek, yijenchiu, and john e. High speed electroabsorption modulators in generic integration.
Selfconsistent timedomain large signal model of travelingwave electroabsorption modulators. Miller1 1department of electrical engineering, stanford university, stanford, ca 94305, usa 2current address. This should be compared to the case of arsenide, phosphide, or antimonide semiconductors, where the electroabsorption effect in quantum wells is an order of magnitude stronger than in the bulk. In this paper, a travelling wave electroabsorption modulators tweams based on asymmetric intrastepbarrier coupled double strained quantum wells aicdsqw active layer is designed and analyzed at 1. The work has yielded detectors and modulators that demonstrate top performance for transmission and reception entirely through graphene devices, reaching worldrecord data rates for graphene devices 50 gbs for an electroabsorption modulator on soi. Jun 17, 2005 to achieve ultrahigh bit rate signal beyond existing etdm technology optical time division multiplexing otdm is been used. Such devices are desired for optical communications, signal processing and 3d imaging. An electroabsorption modulator eam is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. A semiconductor heterojunction, guidedwave, electroabsorption modulator. Schaevitz,2 emel tasyurek,1 yiwen rong,3 theodore i.
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